Learning disabilities are specific neurological disorders that affect the brain’s ability to store, process, retrieve, or communicate information. They affect different aspects of learning and functioning and can be compensated for through accommodations and modifications. They may co-occur with other disorders and can vary in specificity and impact between individuals who have the same identified LD. It is estimated that 1 in 10 Canadians have learning disabilities (LDAA).
Learning Disability Assessments
Learning disabilities are specific neurological disorders that affect the brain’s ability to store, process, retrieve, or communicate information. They affect different aspects of learning and functioning and can be compensated for through accommodations and modifications. They may co-occur with other disorders and can vary in specificity and impact between individuals who have the same identified LD. It is estimated that 1 in 10 Canadians have learning disabilities (LDAA).
Alberta Education uses the definition from the Learning Disabilities Association of Canada (LDAC) to define Learning Disabilities. The LDAC defines learning disabilities as follows: “Learning disabilities refer to a number of disorders that may affect the acquisition, organization, retention, understanding or use of verbal or nonverbal information. These disorders affect learning in individuals who otherwise demonstrate at least average abilities essential for thinking and/or reasoning.” Learning disabilities are lifelong; however, the manner in which they are expressed may vary over an individual’s developmental stages and lifetime. It is important to note that while learning disabilities are suggested by an unexpected deficit in academic achievement, they are also suggested by achievement which is maintained only through very high levels of effort and support.
Other areas related to academic problems such as language processing difficulties, executive function skills, and working memory difficulties are often elements observed for those with identified LD’s. Learning disabilities can have a significant impact upon an individual’s relationships, community activities, attitude towards school and teachers, and social interactions. Learning disabilities range in severity (mild, moderate, or severe) and may result in difficulties in one or more of the following areas: Oral language (e.g., listening, speaking, understanding); Reading (e.g., decoding, phonetic knowledge, word recognition, comprehension); Written language (e.g. spelling and written expression); and Mathematics (e.g., computation, problem solving).
The LDAC further highlights that the identification of learning disabilities through timely and specialized assessments is a critical component leading to success for individuals. Early identification is an important consideration as this allows for individuals with LD’s to receive supportive interventions involving school, community, and home environments. For adults who are experiencing difficulties and concerned that an LD is present (although undiagnosed), assessment can provide information to support accommodations or modifications to support vocation success.
The determination of a learning disability / specific learning disorder must be based on an assessment and diagnosis by a professional. Identification or ruling out of a learning disability requires a comprehensive psychoeducational assessment inclusive of cognitive, academic, executive function, and social-emotional areas.
